Page 2 of 8~120 min topic

Build a mini RAG

Define the café FAQ retriever input contract

Page 2 hardens the boundary around the five-document café FAQ retriever so bad inputs fail before the interesting algorithm runs.

~15 min this pageData contract

1Learn the idea

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Define what may enter

The accepted input remains: five short documents with stable IDs plus one normalized user question. Keep parsing and normalization in functions that do not score, train, or call a model. That split lets a test fail the boundary without blaming the core logic. The user-facing decision stays: answer a café question only when a relevant local note is retrieved and cite its ID.

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Reject at the boundary

import re
def tokens(s): return set(re.findall(r'[a-z0-9]+',s.lower()))
assert tokens('Wi-Fi!')=={'wi','fi'}
print(tokens('When is the cafe open?'))

Expected evidence: normalized token sets. If the contract is silent on a bad value, later debugging will look like an algorithm bug when it is really a data bug.

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Keep transforms testable

Write one assertion for a neighboring valid input to the café FAQ retriever so tightening the boundary does not over-reject. Document field names and types the way a teammate would need them on day two of build-mini-rag—not as comments you plan to delete.

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Lab notebook: name the fields

List every field in café notes: hours, wifi, pets, allergens, parking and mark each as required, optional, or forbidden. Required fields must fail loudly when missing; optional fields need defaults you can quote in a test; forbidden fields (secrets, raw PII, path escapes) must never be accepted silently. This list is the contract for the café FAQ retriever.

Add one sentence about encoding, units, or timezones if relevant to five short documents with stable IDs plus one normalized user question. Contracts that ignore units create “correct” programs that still ship wrong decisions when someone tries to answer a café question only when a relevant local note is retrieved and cite its ID.

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Worked judgment

Write the error string you want for the most likely bad input. Prefer ValueError('threshold out of range')-style messages over generic invalid input. The contract’s job is to make retrieval miss or ungrounded fluent answer harder to confuse with a model or algorithm bug later.

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Why this stage matters for the café FAQ retriever

At the data contract stage for build-mini-rag, the job is narrower than finishing a product demo. You are creating one progressive evidence piece about café notes: hours, wifi, pets, allergens, parking that later pages inherit without redefining success. Keep that fixture small enough to inspect by hand, keep outputs copy-pasteable as text, and refuse to narrate this baseline as if it were a production SLA: always-answer-from-largest-document heuristic.

For this page specifically, success looks like malformed inputs rejected with field-named errors while still centering the user decision to answer a café question only when a relevant local note is retrieved and cite its ID. If you cannot point to a file, command, or assertion that proves that for the café FAQ retriever, stay on this page instead of advancing.

How-to: build a 5-document RAG app · Glossary: RAG

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Why this matters

Invent one malformed input that the five-document café FAQ retriever might accidentally accept. Predict the exception or rejection message. After you run the contract code, compare your prediction with the real failure text.

In the wild

See how this idea shows up as a product and a company — then come back to the lesson. Skills transfer across vendors.

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Page assessment

Answer from memory. Completion is saved from this evidence, not from opening the next page.

1. Which malformed values die before core logic?
2. Can transform and prediction/search be tested separately?
3. Does the error name the violated field or shape?
4. Is the accepted input still exactly: five short documents with stable IDs plus one normalized user question?

All responses are required.