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Cosine similarity (NumPy)

Last updated Jul 17, 2026

pythonembeddingsrag

import numpy as np

def cosine(a: np.ndarray, b: np.ndarray) -> float:
    return float(np.dot(a, b) / (np.linalg.norm(a) * np.linalg.norm(b)))

query = np.array([0.2, 0.8, 0.1])
doc = np.array([0.19, 0.79, 0.11])
print(round(cosine(query, doc), 3))  # higher = more similar