Page 7 of 8~104 min topic

Serving Large Language Models

Trace a worked example

From goal to measurement to ship-or-abort for LLM serving on the multi-tenant chat API.

~13 min this pageWorked example

1Learn the idea

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Training time vs chat time

Training

Huge dataHeavy computeWeights

Inference

Your promptFrozen modelReply

Training = long study · Inference = quick answer from what it already learned

Goal: improve the multi-tenant chat API using LLM serving without breaking protected slices.

Mechanism reminder for LLM serving: Load weights into GPU/CPU memory, batch prefill/decode, manage KV cache, admit/queue requests, stream tokens, apply auth quotas.

Baseline and shock: approximate weight memory for 7B parameters at 16 bits = 7B × 2 bytes ≈ 14 GB, before KV cache and runtime overhead

Tradeoff in play for LLM serving: Larger batches improve GPU utilization and tokens per second but can worsen queueing and per-user latency. Quantization reduces memory and may increase throughput with possible quality loss. Longer contexts expand usefulness while sharply increasing KV memory and prefill work.

Ship decision: Admit long prompts to a separate pool; keep interactive p95 TTFT under SLO at target QPS.

Rollback triggers for LLM serving must cite tokens/sec, p95 TTFT, p95 TPOT, queue time, OOM rate, cost/1M tokens. If you cannot name a tolerated regression on the multi-tenant chat API, do not promote the change.

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Make it operational

Keep the LLM serving decision record beside the multi-tenant chat API code paths that implement it. Future you will not remember why a default exists unless the evidence is linked from the config for LLM serving.

Also pin one numeric memory from this LLM serving chapter: approximate weight memory for 7B parameters at 16 bits = 7B × 2 bytes ≈ 14 GB, before KV cache and runtime overhead That number is not decoration; it is a template for how claims about LLM serving on the multi-tenant chat API should look in design docs. Scoped specifically to LLM serving / multi-tenant chat API / worked-trace.

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Common mix-ups

People confuse LLM serving with neighboring buzzwords when debugging the multi-tenant chat API. Before changing prompts, ask whether the broken stage was evidence gathering, the LLM serving judgment itself, validation, or the product action. Fixing the wrong stage creates folklore (“we tried LLM serving and it failed”) that blocks the next team on the multi-tenant chat API. Scoped specifically to LLM serving / multi-tenant chat API / worked-trace.

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Rehearsal (serving-llms/worked-trace)

Write a five-line artifact for this page: goal, inputs, check, owner, stop rule. Invent one fluent failure that the check would catch. Keep details specific to serving llms rather than generic AI advice.

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Rehearsal (serving-llms/worked-trace)

Write a five-line artifact for this page: goal, inputs, check, owner, stop rule. Invent one fluent failure that the check would catch. Keep details specific to serving llms rather than generic AI advice.

Read

Rehearsal (serving-llms/worked-trace)

Write a five-line artifact for this page: goal, inputs, check, owner, stop rule. Invent one fluent failure that the check would catch. Keep details specific to serving llms rather than generic AI advice.

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Chapter close 1

For serving llms, add acceptance test 1: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 2

For serving llms, add acceptance test 2: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 3

For serving llms, add acceptance test 3: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 4

For serving llms, add acceptance test 4: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 5

For serving llms, add acceptance test 5: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 6

For serving llms, add acceptance test 6: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 7

For serving llms, add acceptance test 7: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 8

For serving llms, add acceptance test 8: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 9

For serving llms, add acceptance test 9: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 10

For serving llms, add acceptance test 10: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 11

For serving llms, add acceptance test 11: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 12

For serving llms, add acceptance test 12: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 13

For serving llms, add acceptance test 13: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 14

For serving llms, add acceptance test 14: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 15

For serving llms, add acceptance test 15: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 16

For serving llms, add acceptance test 16: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 17

For serving llms, add acceptance test 17: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 18

For serving llms, add acceptance test 18: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 19

For serving llms, add acceptance test 19: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 20

For serving llms, add acceptance test 20: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 21

For serving llms, add acceptance test 21: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 22

For serving llms, add acceptance test 22: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 23

For serving llms, add acceptance test 23: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 24

For serving llms, add acceptance test 24: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 25

For serving llms, add acceptance test 25: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 26

For serving llms, add acceptance test 26: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 27

For serving llms, add acceptance test 27: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 28

For serving llms, add acceptance test 28: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 29

For serving llms, add acceptance test 29: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 30

For serving llms, add acceptance test 30: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 31

For serving llms, add acceptance test 31: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 32

For serving llms, add acceptance test 32: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 33

For serving llms, add acceptance test 33: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 34

For serving llms, add acceptance test 34: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

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Chapter close 35

For serving llms, add acceptance test 35: evidence source, threshold, and signer. Keep it unique to this chapter's scenario.

Go deeper

Before you start

Why this matters

List the constraints (latency, cost, privacy, review capacity) that any LLM serving change must respect for the multi-tenant chat API.

In the wild

See how this idea shows up as a product and a company — then come back to the lesson. Skills transfer across vendors.

Check your understanding

Page assessment

Answer from memory. Completion is saved from this evidence, not from opening the next page.

1. What is one idea from this page you would apply, and what evidence would you check?

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