Page 5 of 8~104 min topic

Fine-tuning vs RAG

Anticipate failure modes

Name failures by their mechanism in fine-tuning vs RAG on the legal research assistant, not with a generic hallucination label.

~13 min this pageFailure modes

1Learn the idea

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Response design

See it

Change the model vs give it notes

Fine-tune

Teach voice / format into weights

RAG

Fetch fresh docs at ask time

Fine-tune = bake in style · RAG = look things up when answering

For each severe fine-tuning vs RAG failure on the legal research assistant, define stop condition, safe state, owner, and lasting prevention. Rollback only works if prior prompts, indexes, and models remain available. “Send to a human” needs queue capacity and context—not just a button name.

Run one tabletop on the legal research assistant for fine-tuning vs RAG: inject a defect, verify detection, contain, recover, and keep the blameless trace.

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Make it operational

After the tabletop, store the injected fine-tuning vs RAG defect for the legal research assistant as a regression fixture. If the same failure later reaches users silently, your detection story was aspirational. Detection without a fixture tends to rot for fine-tuning vs RAG.

Also pin one numeric memory from this fine-tuning vs RAG chapter: If regulations change weekly, a 2-week fine-tune cadence cannot beat an index refreshed hourly on citation freshness. That number is not decoration; it is a template for how claims about fine-tuning vs RAG on the legal research assistant should look in design docs. Scoped specifically to fine-tuning vs RAG / legal research assistant / failure-modes.

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Common mix-ups

People confuse fine-tuning vs RAG with neighboring buzzwords when debugging the legal research assistant. Before changing prompts, ask whether the broken stage was evidence gathering, the fine-tuning vs RAG judgment itself, validation, or the product action. Fixing the wrong stage creates folklore (“we tried fine-tuning vs RAG and it failed”) that blocks the next team on the legal research assistant. Scoped specifically to fine-tuning vs RAG / legal research assistant / failure-modes.

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Rehearsal (fine-tuning-vs-rag/failure-modes)

Write a five-line artifact for this page: goal, inputs, check, owner, stop rule. Invent one fluent failure that the check would catch. Keep details specific to fine tuning vs rag rather than generic AI advice.

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Rehearsal (fine-tuning-vs-rag/failure-modes)

Write a five-line artifact for this page: goal, inputs, check, owner, stop rule. Invent one fluent failure that the check would catch. Keep details specific to fine tuning vs rag rather than generic AI advice.

Read

Rehearsal (fine-tuning-vs-rag/failure-modes)

Write a five-line artifact for this page: goal, inputs, check, owner, stop rule. Invent one fluent failure that the check would catch. Keep details specific to fine tuning vs rag rather than generic AI advice.

Go deeper

Before you start

Why this matters

Invent an incident for the legal research assistant involving fine-tuning vs RAG. What earliest signal should fire before users complain?

Facts in weights

Detect with model invents repealed clauses. Respond by move facts to retrieval.

RAG without style control

Detect with answers correct but unusable tone. Respond by light tune or better prompts.

Stale index + tuned confidence

Detect with fluent outdated law. Respond by freshness monitors; dates in chunks.

Train/test leak in tune set

Detect with inflated offline scores. Respond by strict doc separation.

In the wild

See how this idea shows up as a product and a company — then come back to the lesson. Skills transfer across vendors.

Check your understanding

Page assessment

Answer from memory. Completion is saved from this evidence, not from opening the next page.

1. What is one idea from this page you would apply, and what evidence would you check?

All responses are required.